Advanced Methodologies

Advanced methodologies within the SALM framework may include: The Mean-Variance Approach, The Value-at-Risk Method, The Cost-at-Risk Method, and Contingent Claims Approach.

For more information on these methodologies and implementation, please see the following reports:

• IMF, “Sovereign Risk and Asset and Liability Management–Conceptual Issues”

• IMF, “A Primer for Risk Measurement of Bonded Debt from the Perspective of a Sovereign Debt Manager”

• World Bank, “Risk Management of Contingent Liabilities Within a Sovereign Asset-Liability Framework”